The four main divisions are:
Medical oncology is all about treating cancer with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy.
Surgical oncology is all about treating cancer with surgery.
Radiation oncology is about treating cancer with radiation.
Clinical oncology is about treating cancer with both systemic therapies and radiation.
There are also sub-specialties in oncology:
Thoracic oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with cancers of the lung, mediastinum, oesophagus and pleura.
Breast oncology is all about cancers of the breast.
Gastrointestinal oncology looks at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, anal canal, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
Bone and Musculoskeletal Oncology is the area that deals with cancers of the bones and soft tissue.
Dermatological oncology is all about the medical and surgical treatment of skin, hair, sweat gland, and nail cancers.
Genitourinary oncology is about cancers of the genital and urinary system.
Gynecological oncology is about cancers of the female reproductive system.
Paediatric oncology is about treating cancer in children.
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology is about treating cancers in young people.
Haemato-oncology is about cancers of the blood and stem cell transplantation.
Preventive oncology is all about understanding the epidemiology and prevention of cancer.
Geriatric oncology is all about cancers in the elderly population.
Pain and palliative oncology is all about treating end-stage cancer to help ease pain and suffering.
Molecular oncology is all about molecular diagnostic methods in oncology.
Nuclear medicine oncology is about diagnosing and treating cancer with radiopharmaceuticals.
Psycho-oncology is about psychosocial issues related to diagnosing and treating cancer patients.
Veterinary oncology is about treating cancer in animals.
There are also some newer specialties:
Cardio-oncology is a branch of cardiology that addresses the cardiovascular impact of cancer and its treatments.
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